Jamshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Mudassar Shafique1, Muhammad Jawad Arshad1, Zahra Noor2, Farrukh Raza2 and Muhammad Shahid Nawaz3
1Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 3Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: Iqbaljamshaid675@gmail.com
Genetic diversity plays a pivotal role in the quest for sustainable maize production, offering a contemporary perspective that holds great promise for addressing global food security challenges. This review paper explores the multifaceted significance of harnessing genetic diversity in maize, encompassing a wide array of factors including adaptation to changing environmental conditions, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and enhancement of nutritional quality. Our analysis begins by elucidating the importance of genetic diversity as a foundation for resilient maize crops in the face of climate change. We delve into the diverse genetic resources available within the maize species, highlighting the potential for the utilization of landraces, wild relatives, and modern breeding techniques, such as molecular markers and gene editing, to broaden the genetic base. Furthermore, the review examines the utilization of genetic diversity for improving resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stressors, which are major constraints to maize production. The adoption of advanced breeding strategies and biotechnological tools, coupled with traditional methods, offers exciting avenues to mitigate these challenges. In addition, the paper discusses the role of genetic diversity in enhancing maize's nutritional content, addressing the pressing issue of global malnutrition. We evaluate efforts to fortify maize with essential nutrients and how genetic diversity contributes to these nutritional advancements.