Rahim Ullah
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Peshawar
*Corresponding author: rahim@aup.edu.pk
The management of pesticides is critical for effective pest control in agriculture, yet it poses significant challenges to environmental stewardship, particularly concerning soil and water systems. Recent developments in analytical methods, such as ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), have significantly enhanced the detection and quantification of pesticide residues, improving regulatory compliance and environmental monitoring. The behavior of pesticides in soil and water is influenced by their chemical properties and environmental interactions, including adsorption, mobility, and degradation processes. Innovations in application technologies, including precision agriculture and drone-based systems, have optimized pesticide use, reducing over-application and environmental impact. Sustainable pest management practices, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the use of biopesticides and genetically modified organisms (GMOs), offer promising alternatives to traditional chemical methods. Additionally, the integration of nanotechnology into pesticide formulations presents new opportunities for enhanced delivery and reduced environmental footprint. Looking ahead, future research should focus on developing environmentally benign pesticide compounds, advancing predictive modeling tools, and increasing public awareness of sustainable pesticide practices. By embracing these innovations and continuing to explore emerging solutions, it is possible to achieve a balance between effective pest management and environmental sustainability.